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< Back Dr Nathan Hughes University of York iGGi Alum Nathan Hughes is a player experience researcher who focuses on how player make choices within games. Specifically, the work explores open world games such as Skyrim and the Witcher 3, as these games allow players a vast amount of choice with little restrictions on how and when these are made. However, little research has considered these choices, so little is known about how players experience choice in open world games. Therefore, research questions for this work include; why do players choose not to pursue the main quest? What do players choose to do instead? When and how do they make this decision? His background is in psychology, and so asks these questions from a psychological perspective. The aim is to uncover how the process of choosing unfolds, and how this is influenced. In turn, this may allow reflections on how the decision-making process operates - by analysing choices within open world games, a more controlled (but still intrinsically motivating) setting can be studied. ngjhughes@gmail.com Email Mastodon https://faethfulexplorations.wordpress.com Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathan-hughes-1035b611b/ LinkedIn BlueSky Github Supervisor Prof. Paul Cairns Featured Publication(s): Clinicians Risk Becoming "Liability Sinks" for Artificial Intelligence Understanding specific gaming experiences: the case of open world games The need for the human-centred explanation for ML-based clinical decision support systems Growing Together: An Analysis of Measurement Transparency Across 15 Years of Player Motivation Questionnaires Contextual design requirements for decision-support tools involved in weaning patients from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units Growing together: An analysis of measurement transparency across 15 years of player motivation questionnaires Opening the World of Contextually-Specific Player Experiences No Item Is an Island Entire of Itself: A Statistical Analysis of Individual Player Difference Questionnaires Ethereum Crypto-Games: Mechanics, Prevalence, and Gambling Similarities Themes Player Research - Previous Next

< Back Philip Smith Queen Mary University of London iGGi PG Researcher Available for placement I was born and raised in Bermuda, a small island in the Atlantic Ocean with an approximate population of 65,000 people. I finished my undergraduate degree in Computer Science with a Specialist in Game Design at the University of Toronto. For my Master's degree, I studied Computer Games Technology at City, University of London. My goal is to help expand the use of video games from purely recreational activities to viable avenues for aiding in real world problems. A description of Philip's research: My research will be focusing on maximizing player engagement in gamified citizen science as a continuation of my Master's thesis. 'Citizen science' is the practice of employing volunteers from the general public for the collection and/or processing of data with respect to a scientific project. Gamified citizen science projects have relied upon prolonged engagement from volunteers, but the number of long-term participants have been unsatisfactory in current projects. This project attempts to address the lack of sufficient volunteer engagement in gamified citizen science projects. The aim is to build a framework meant to guide game designers in creating an engaging citizen science video game based on the values set by Self-Determination Theory (SDT). These values adhere to the theory’s concept of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of engagement. Intrinsic motivation relies on the factors of player autonomy, competence, and relatedness during gameplay. Extrinsic motivation relies on external incentives to core gameplay such as in-game rewards. As part of my research, I am evaluating multiple game design frameworks focused on Applied Games and identifying the merits and flaws each have when applied to a citizen science context. The information I gather will formulate a prototype of the Framework that will be iterated upon through design workshops, development, and playtesting. p.c.smithii@qmul.ac.uk Email Mastodon Other links Website LinkedIn BlueSky https://pjsmith97.github.io/ Github Themes Applied Games Design & Development - Previous Next

< Back Dr Charles Ringer University of York iGGi Alum Charlie Ringer is a researcher interested in applied Machine Learning with a focus on the ways in which we can use Deep Learning to model various facets of video games streams (e.g. stream highlights, emotional moments, in-game events, various streamer behaviours etc.). As such, his work spans many Machine Learning fields, such as Computer Vision, Affect Computing, and Natural Language Processing. His research has three motivating factors. Firstly, the challenge of how to fuse multi-view stream data (e.g. audio, web-cam footage, game footage, chat) into a single model, especially when considering the challenges of ‘in-the-wild’ data. Secondly, the untapped and bountiful data source that livestreaming represents, especially regarding the way in which streamers play games and interact with their audience. Thirdly, the exciting and emerging field of self-supervised learning which has the potential to utilise this abundance of livestream data. Charlie initially worked in the video games industry working mainly on the Magic: The Gathering - Duels of the Planeswalkers series of games before studying a BSc in Computer Science at Goldsmiths, University of London. After his BSc he joined IGGI, firstly at Goldsmiths and then at York. He was recognised as a finalist for the Twitch Research Fellowship 2019 for his research on livestream data. charles.ringer@york.ac.uk Email Mastodon https://www.charlieringer.com Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/charlie-ringer/ LinkedIn BlueSky https://www.github.com/charlieringer Github Featured Publication(s): Machine Learning with Applications From Theory to Behaviour: Towards a General Model of Engagement Modelling early user-game interactions for joint estimation of survival time and churn probability Time to die 2: Improved in-game death prediction in dota 2 Autohighlight: Highlight Detection in League of Legends Esports Broadcasts via Crowd-Sourced Data Multi-Modal Livestream Highlight Detection from Audio, Visual, and Language Data Twitchchat: A dataset for exploring livestream chat Multimodal joint emotion and game context recognition in league of legends livestreams Streaming Behaviour: Livestreaming as a Paradigm for Analysis of Emotional and Social Signals Deep unsupervised multi-view detection of video game stream highlights Streaming behaviour: Live streaming as a paradigm for multi-view analysis of emotional and social signals Rolling Horizon Co-evolution in Two-player General Video Game Playing Themes Esports Game AI Game Data - Previous Next

< Back Dr Patrik Huber University of York Supervisor Patrik Huber is a researcher, developer and entrepreneur, working on 3D face reconstruction and face analysis in images and videos using 3D face models. He is a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) in Computer Vision in the Department of Computer Science of the University of York, UK, and he’s the Founder of 4dface.io, a small start-up specialising in 3D face models and realistic 3D face avatars for professional applications. His research is focused on computer vision, in particular, he is interested in the question of how to robustly obtain a metrically accurate, pose-invariant 3D representation of a face from 2D images and videos. He is interested in face tracking, 3D face modelling, analysis and synthesis, metrically accurate 3D face shape reconstruction, inverse rendering, and combining deep learning with 3D face models. Patrik is particularly interested in supervising students with a strong background and interest in computer vision, machine learning, computer graphics, and modern C++/Python, on topics related to creating 3D face avatars of players for immersive playing and social experiences , and using face analytics for professional e-sports . Research themes: 3D face avatars for games AR/VR Serious games and social interaction Immersive 3D player experiences Game Analytics Games with a Purpose E-Sports patrik.huber@york.ac.uk Email Mastodon https://www.patrikhuber.ch/ Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/patrik-huber/ LinkedIn BlueSky https://github.com/patrikhuber Github Themes Applied Games Esports Game Data Immersive Technology Player Research - Previous Next

< Back Nicole Levermore University of York iGGi PG Researcher Available for placement Nicole's academic background is within Neuroscience, having achieved BSc Neuroscience and Psychology, MSc Translational Neuroscience and an MPhil in Auditory Neuroscience. Outside of her research interests, she enjoys playing video games, hiking and playing the cello. A description of Nicole's research: Video games have enormous potential for research on cognition and mental health. In my project, I will use video games to perform basic research into a common psychiatric disorder (ADHD), paving the way for improved diagnosis, monitoring and therapy. ADHD is typically diagnosed in childhood and is characterised by failures of attentional state maintenance. This project involves using cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques to investigate how subjects with and without ADHD switch between attentional states (for example, ‘engagement’ and ‘flow’) while playing a cognitively engaging video game. The ultimate goal is to use video games to understand how mental health impacts people’s ability to focus on cognitively demanding tasks and, potentially, to develop therapeutic intervention. iggi-admin@york.ac.uk Email Mastodon Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicole-levermore-b14245283 LinkedIn BlueSky Github Supervisor: Prof. Alex Wade Themes Accessibility Design & Development Immersive Technology Player Research Previous Next

< Back Dr Daniel Gomme University of Essex iGGi Alum Players have underlying expectations of the opponents they play against in strategy games: don't break the rules, provide a sense of tension, be able to communicate plans... AI doesn't always fulfil these. Dan's focus is on finding ways to better fulfil those expectations - and even to overtly change them - in order to improve player experience. With qualitative tools and in-game testing, he's found several concrete design mechanisms that can further that goal. daniel.gomme@yahoo.co.uk Email Mastodon Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniel-gomme/ LinkedIn BlueSky https://github.com/OctarineSourcerer Github Supervisor Prof. Richard Bartle Featured Publication(s): Player Expectations of Strategy Game AI Playing with Dezgo: Adapting Human-AI Interaction to the Context of Play Strategy Games: The Components of A Worthy Opponent Distributed Social Multi-Agent Negotiation Framework For Incomplete Information Games Tools To Adjust Tension And Suspense In Strategy Games: An Investigation Themes Design & Development Game AI Player Research - Previous Next

< Back Matt Bedder University of York iGGi Alum Abstraction-Based Monte Carlo Tree Search. (Industry placement at PROWLER.io) Monte Carlo Tree Search is a popular artificial intelligence technique amongst researchers due to the remarkable strength by which it can play many games. This technique was prominently used as the basis for AlphaGo, the AI by Google DeepMind that became the first of its kind to beat professional human players at the game Go. But despite lots of interest from academics into Monte Carlo Tree Search, the technique has seen little use in the games industry - due in part to how it is not fully understood, and due to how complex it is to implement into large games. Matthew’s research is looking into how game abstractions can be used to help implement and optimise Monte Carlo Tree Search into existing commercial video games. Semi-automated methods for domain abstraction are being investigated, with the aim of making it fast and easy for game developers to be able to implement Monte Carlo Tree Search into their products, and to exploit the wealth of academic research into this technique. Matthew is currently studying towards his PhD at the University of York, having previously graduated for the Department of Computer Science with a MEng in Computer Science with Artificial Intelligence. Before starting his PhD, Matthew spent a year at BAE Systems Advanced Technology Centre working on contracts with the European Space Agency, and has performed research into vertebrae models of Parkinson's disease with York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis. Please note: Updating of profile text in progress Email Mastodon Other links Website https://linkedin.com/pub/matthew-bedder/80/2a7/a51/ LinkedIn BlueSky Github Featured Publication(s): Characterization and classification of adherent cells in monolayer culture using automated tracking and evolutionary algorithms Computational approaches for understanding the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease Automated motion analysis of adherent cells in monolayer culture Themes Game AI - Previous Next

< Back Francesca Foffano University of York iGGi PG Researcher Available for post-PhD position Francesca's work represents her fascination with how players elaborate and understand complex situations in video games. She likes to use mixed methods (both qualitative and quantitative) to understand high-level player perception in video games using her competencies in HCI (MSc at the University of Trento) and Psychology (BSc at the University of Padua). Prior to joining the PhD, she developed international experience in industry and research. She worked as Research Fellow on AI and ethics for the European project AI4EU at ECLT (Ca' Foscari University of Venice) and on players' perception of adaptive videogames at Reykjavik University. She also was involved as UX Strategist in creative content for MediaMonks headquarter (Amsterdam). A description of Francesca's research: Players will tell you exactly when they got stuck playing a game, but how we define stuck in the first place is still open to discussion. This PhD research aims to identify how and when this happens to help in predicting when players need support. The goal is to smoothen the player experience by reducing the need for external support (such as online guides, walkthroughs, and online forums) that might affect player immersion. The current stage of the research uses in-depth interviews to understand what players have in common, no matter what task they are doing or game they are playing. So why rely on user tests that consider singular test cases instead of understanding where they originate? ff716@york.ac.uk Email Mastodon https://ffoffano.wordpress.com/about/ Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/foffanofrancesca/ LinkedIn https://bsky.app/profile/francescafoffano.bsky.social BlueSky Github Supervisor: Prof. Paul Cairns Featured Publication(s): A Survey on AI and Ethics: Key factors in building AI trust and awareness across European citizens. When Games Become Inaccessible: A Constructive Grounded Theory on Stuckness in Videogames Artificial intelligence across europe: A study on awareness, attitude and trust When Games Become Inaccessible: A Constructive Grounded Theory on Stuckness in Videogames Investing in AI for social good: an analysis of European national strategies European Strategy on AI: Are we truly fostering social good? Changes of user experience in an adaptive game: a study of an AI manager Themes Player Research - Previous Next

< Back Dien Nguyen Queen Mary University of London iGGi PG Researcher Available for placement I graduated from the University of California, Irvine with a BSc in Computer Game Science and a Minor in Statistics. My undergraduate thesis focused on augmenting Monte Carlo tree search with a value network trained through a self-play framework similar to AlphaZero. During my undergraduate degree, I became interested in the intersection of games and artificial intelligence—applying methods of reinforcement learning, graphical models, and knowledge representation to game playing and game design. My long-term goal is to work on the problem of formalizing game elements, representing game systems in a way that allows for automatic reasoning and inference. I also enjoy playing games where I can customize and theorycraft my playstyle to satisfy certain gameplay fantasies while beating the game. My current research is within the field of Automated Game Design Learning, an emerging field in AI research with the purpose of learning game design models through playing. The current strategy is to play out the full game in thousands of iterations, which can be impractical for complex games with large state space and computationally expensive forward models. My research will focus on applying Go-Explore—a recent exploration paradigm that outperforms many state-of-the-arts—to improve the efficiency of automated playtesting of tabletop games by using an archive of interesting game states to reduce the time needed for self-play. The research will be primarily conducted within the TAG framework and aim to be game-agnostic. On successful completion, this research will improve game development cycles, resulting in higher-quality games, and potentially give unique insights into the game design process. d.l.nguyen@qmul.ac.uk Email Mastodon Other links Website LinkedIn BlueSky Github Supervisor: Dr Diego Pérez-Liébana Featured Publication(s): Unveiling modern board games: an ML-based approach to BoardGameGeek data analysis Themes Applied Games Creative Computing Design & Development Game AI - Previous Next

< Back Dr Pengcheng Liu Queen Mary University of London Supervisor Dr Pengcheng Liu is a Lecturer (Assistant Professor) at the Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK. He is an internationally leading expert in robotics, Artificial Intelligence and human-machine interaction. He has been leading and involving in several research projects, including EPSRC, Innovate UK, Horizon 2020, Erasmus Mundus, FP7-PEOPLE, HEIF, NHS I4I, NSFC, etc. Several of his research works were published on top-tier journals and leading conferences in the fields of robotics and AI. Before joining York, he has held several academic positions including a Senior Lecturer at Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK, a joint Research Fellowship at Lincoln Centre for Autonomous Systems (LCAS) and Lincoln Institute of Agri-Food Technology (LIAT), University of Lincoln, UK, a Research Assistant and a Teaching Assistant at Bournemouth University, UK. I also held academic positions as a Visiting Fellow at Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China and Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China. Dr Liu is a Member of IEEE, IEEE Robotics and Automation Society (RAS), IEEE Systems, Man and Cybernetics Society (SMC), IEEE Control Systems Society (CSS) and IFAC. He is member of IEEE Technical Committees (TC) on Bio Robotics, Soft Robotics, Robot Learning, and Safety, Security and Rescue Robotics. He has published over 60 journal and conference papers. Dr Liu serves as an Associate Editor for IEEE Access and PeerJ Computer Science. He received the Global Peer Review Awards from Web of Science in 2019, and the Outstanding Contribution Awards from Elsevier in 2017. He was selected as regular Fundings/Grants reviewer for EPSRC, NIHR and NSFC. Dr Liu’s research interest relevant to CDT IGGI include applied games for healthcare and rehabilitation applications, as well as using mixed reality and machine learning for human-machine interactions. He is particularly interested in supervising students with a design, HCI, computer science or behavioural sciences background on the following topics: applied games for healthcare and rehabilitation design for adaptive mixed reality system for physical therapy and neurological rehabilitation design for physical and cognitive behaviour change learning for human intention prediction analysis of mixed reality rehabilitation system with biological signals (EEG, sEMG) pengcheng.liu@york.ac.uk Email Mastodon https://sites.google.com/view/pliu Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/pengcheng-liu-12703288/ LinkedIn BlueSky Github Themes Applied Games Game AI Immersive Technology - Previous Next

< Back Prof. Richard Bartle University of Essex iGGi Co-Investigator Supervisor Richard Bartle is a renowned pioneer in game design and research. He co-wrote the first virtual world, MUD ("Multi-User Dungeon") in 1978, and has thus been at the forefront of the online games industry from its very inception. He is an influential writer on all aspects of virtual world design, development, and management. As an independent consultant, he has worked with many of the major online game companies in the U.K. and the U.S. over the past 30 years. His 2003 book, Designing Virtual Worlds , has established itself as a foundation text for researchers and developers of virtual worlds alike. His Player Type theory is taught in game design programmes worldwide (he appears in examination questions!). His interests are directed mainly virtual worlds, particularly Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs, or MMOs), but cover all aspects of game design. He is keen to see AI used for non-player characters in MMOs (his PhD is in AI), and his current work considers the long-term moral and ethical implications of this. They’re maybe not what you might think they were at first glance… rabartle@essex.ac.uk Email Mastodon https://mud.co.uk/richard/ Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/richardbartle/ LinkedIn BlueSky Github Themes Design & Development Game AI Player Research - Previous Next

< Back James Gardner University of York iGGi PG Researcher I am a third-year PhD student at The University of York, specialising in computer vision and machine learning for 3D scene understanding. Supervised by Dr William Smith, my research focuses on neural-based vision and language priors in inverse rendering and scene representation learning. I'm particularly interested in neural fields, generative models, 3D computer vision, differentiable rendering, geometric deep learning, multi-modal models, and 3D scene understanding in general. My research has been recognised with publications at prestigious conferences including NeurIPS and ECCV. Currently, I am working as a research fellow on the ALL.VP project, funded by BridgeAI and Dock10, developing relightable green screen performance capture using deep learning and inverse rendering techniques. This work aims to provide greater creative control to film and TV productions without requiring expensive LED volumes or post-production. I hold an MEng in Electronic Engineering from The University of York, for which I was awarded the IET Prize for outstanding performance and the Malden Owen Award for the best-graduating student on an MEng programme. A description of James' research: My research lies at the intersection of computer vision, machine learning, and 3D scene understanding, with a particular focus on neural-based approaches and the integration of vision and language priors. My work spans a range of topics including neural fields, generative models, differentiable rendering, and geometric deep learning. A key theme in my research is the use of 3D inductive biases for inverse rendering, addressing challenges such as illumination estimation, albedo/geometry disentanglement, and shadow handling in complex outdoor scenes. I've made contributions in creating a rotation-equivariant neural illumination model and spherical neural models for sky visibility estimation in outdoor inverse rendering. Additionally, my work extends to learning rotation-equivariant latent representations of the world from 360-degree videos, aimed at advancing the field of 3D scene understanding and developing models with an understanding of core physical principles such as object permanence. Through my research, I aim to build computer systems capable of deeply comprehending the 3D world, utilising self-supervised, generative, and non-generative approaches to push the boundaries of what's possible in computer vision and scene representation learning. james.gardner@york.ac.uk Email Mastodon Other links Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/jadgardner/ LinkedIn BlueSky https://jadgardner.github.io/ Github Featured Publication(s): The Sky's the Limit: Relightable Outdoor Scenes via a Sky-Pixel Constrained Illumination Prior and Outside-In Visibility Themes Game AI - Previous Next